What's Inside?

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble nutrient found in some foods. In the body, it acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are compounds formed when our bodies convert the food we eat into energy. People are also exposed to free radicals in the environment from cigarette smoke, air pollution, and ultraviolet light from the sun. The body also needs vitamin C to make collagen, a protein required to help wounds heal. In addition, vitamin C improves the absorption of iron from plant-based foods and helps the immune system work properly to protect the body from disease.  Information taken from NIH: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-Consumer/

Thiamin or Thiamine is also known as vitamin B1. Thiamin is naturally present in some foods, added to some food products, and available as a dietary supplement. This vitamin plays a critical role in energy metabolism and, therefore, in the growth, development, and function of cells - Said HM. Thiamin. In: Coates PM, Betz JM, Blackman MR, et al., eds. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. 2nd ed. London and New York: Informa Healthcare; 2010:748-53.

These coenzymes play major roles in energy production; cellular function, growth, and development; and metabolism of fats, drugs, and steroids.  The American College of Sports Medicine state that vegetarian athletes are at risk of riboflavin deficiency because of their increased need for this nutrient and because some vegetarians exclude all animal products (including milk, yogurt, cheese, and eggs), which tend to be good sources of riboflavin, from their diets.  These associations recommend that vegetarian athletes consult a sports dietitian to avoid this potential problem.  The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society concluded that riboflavin is probably effective for preventing migraine headaches and recommended offering it for this purpose.

Rivlin RS. Riboflavin. In: Coates PM, Betz JM, Blackman MR, et al., eds. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. 2nd ed. London and New York: Informa Healthcare; 2010:691-9.

Said HM, Ross AC. Riboflavin. In: Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, Tucker KL, Ziegler TR, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 11th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014:325-30.

Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline.external link disclaimer Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1998.

American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, American College of Sports Medicine, Rodriguez NR, Di Marco NM, Langley S. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009;41:709-31.

Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 1998;50:466-70.

**via NIH website - https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Riboflavin-HealthProfessional/

Vitamin B6 in coenzyme forms performs a wide variety of functions in the body and is extremely versatile, with involvement in more than 100 enzyme reactions, mostly concerned with protein metabolism. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function.  Poor vitamin B6 status has been hypothesized to play a role in the cognitive decline that some older adults experience.

Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Cholineexternal link disclaimer. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1998.

McCormick D. Vitamin B6. In: Bowman B, Russell R, eds. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. 9th ed. Washington, DC: International Life Sciences Institute; 2006.

Balk EM, Raman G, Tatsioni A, Chung M, Lau J, Rosenberg IH. Vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid supplementation and cognitive function: a systematic review of randomized trials. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:21-30.

Excerpts taken from https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6-HealthProfessional/

Niacin serves the same function as other B vitamins in helping a plethora of cellular functions.  Niacin is what often leads to flushing, tingling, and burning sensations but Grind allows for a way to get the B3 you want without those symptoms.

Folate is one of the B-vitamins that converts carbohydrates into energy while helping the production of the cell building blocks such as DNA and RNA.  Adequate folate intake is extremely important during periods of rapid growth such as pregnancy, infancy, and adolescence.  This is why Folate is one of the common prenatal vitamins.  Low folate status has been linked to an increased risk of depression however is supplementation is not considered treatment for depression.  Low Folate has been associated with increased risk of cancer however supplementation has not been shown to reduce cancer risk.

Vitamin B12 is a nutrient that helps keep the body’s nerve and blood cells healthy and helps make DNA, the genetic material in all cells. Vitamin B12 also helps prevent a type of anemia called megaloblastic anemia that makes people tired and weak. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes tiredness, weakness, constipation, loss of appetite, weight loss, and megaloblastic anemia. Nerve problems, such as numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, can also occur. Other symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency include problems with balance, depression, confusion, dementia, poor memory, and soreness of the mouth or tongue.  Without a B12 vitamin deficiency, B12 supplementation has not been shown to improve dementia or increase athletic performance.

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-Consumer/

The body keeps a small reserve of these vitamins. They have to be taken on a regular basis to maintain the reserve.  They are used for growth and increased metabolism especially in regards to the breakdown of fatty acids through the CoA pathway.

Choline is needed to produce acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter for memory, mood, muscle control.  Athletes with high acetylcholine levels are generally very able to focus. Correlated with the wood type personality, acetylcholine-dominant athletes are quick-thinking, creative individuals who tend to push themselves to extreme heights. The high-speed brains of acetylcholine-dominant trainees respond best to constant variety in exercise protocols.

Everyone needs calcium and vitamin D throughout childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood as your bones develop and mature. Osteoporosis, a disorder characterized by porous and fragile bones, is a serious public health problem. (34 million people in the US have osteopenia, or low bone mass, which precedes osteoporosis.)  As an orthopedic surgeon, calcium is widely recommended for bone health, but there are conflicting studies on the positive impact of calcium supplementation.  Calcium has also been studied for its weight loss potential.

Magnesium is a cofactor in more than 300 enzyme systems involved in energy production and metabolism. It contributes to the structural development of bone and is required for the synthesis of DNA and RNA. Magnesium also plays a role in the active transport of calcium and potassium ions across cell membranes, a process that is important to nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction, and normal heart rhythm.

Summarized from 

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/

Copper is involved in energy production, iron metabolism, brain development, and many other important functions. Low copper levels have been associated with alzheimer’s and poor cardiovascular health.  Its ability to reduce oxidative damage has led to its use in sports bracing and posture garments.

In a large study of over 62,000 adults, the likelihood of having diabetes was 27% lower in those who took dietary supplements containing chromium -1.

In an 8-week study, 1,000 μg/day of chromium (in the form of chromium picolinate) reduced food intake, hunger and cravings in healthy overweight women (15Trusted Source). -2

1- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26446484

2- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18715218

Both elements have a multitude of functions and assist with other ingredients to perform their vital functions. 

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/ 

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/

BCAAs are essential amino acids. The three BCAAs are leucine, isoleucine, and valine. BCAA supplementation has been studied for improved energy metabolism and lower levels of substances that indicate muscle damage, such as creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase.  More and more research is being done, but studies so far show people who sprinted in consecutive days did better with BCAA supplementation.  Also studies showed less muscle degradation especially in those with liver disease.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121866

GABA, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, acts to counterbalance the action of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate (Lydiard, R. J Clinical Psych. 2003; 64(Supp. 3):21-27). Symptoms of low GABA production include becoming easily stressed out, overstimulated, overwhelmed, and lying awake at night with racing thoughts.

The Russians during the cold war were trying to learn secret ways to get ahead so they studied Rhodiola as a way to improve their athletes.  Story here: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/people-and-culture/food/the-plate/2016/08/long-before-doping-scandals--russians-were-studying-performance-/

In a 2013 study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Noreen and his colleagues asked 18 participants (none of whom were in particularly good shape) to bike for six miles after taking a dose of Rhodiola Rosea. Compared to a group that was given a placebo, the Rose Root cyclists had lower heart rates during their pre-exercise warm-up and finished the timed trial faster.

A small Italian study from 2010, published in the Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, had similarly positive results. After taking Rhodiola rosea supplements for four weeks, 14 competitive athletes showed lowered blood lactate levels (a sign of overtraining) and decreased skeletal muscle damage.

Researchers have conducted or participated in over 55 scientific studies that have shown the benefits of beta-alanine supplementation to improve muscle endurance and support muscle strength.*

Research tested effectiveness for different types of athletes, including:  Professional body builders, High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) athletes, Highly trained rowers, Endurance cyclists during peak power output, Collegiate football players, Competitive sprinters.

Beta-alanine has been proven effective in over 55 scientific studies, 15 of which have been published in peer-reviewed journals

Several studies have been concluded showing mixed results versus placebo.  There have been several positive studies showing a reduction in moderate to severe pain in those with arthritis as well as a reduction in stiffness.  As always, diet, exercise and a healthy weight have always been the mainstay of treatment for joint pain.   Grind adds glucosamine and chondroitin as some have shown improvement in these studies.  Grind focuses on maintaining a healthy lifestyle which is the most important thing one can do for their joints.  Future studies will need to be done to see the effects of glucosamine and chondroitin in prevention of joint problems.

Grind contains as much caffeine as a grande or medium sized blonde roast coffee.  Grind derives its energy and metabolism production from a host of well sourced ingredients as well. 

Effects on physical performance on a vast array of physical performance metrics such as time-to-exhaustion, time-trial, muscle strength and endurance, and high-intensity sprints typical of team sports are evident following doses that exceed about 200 mg (∼3 mg kg−1). Many occupations, including military, first responders, transport workers and factory shift workers, require optimal physical and cognitive function to ensure success, workplace safety and productivity. In these circumstances, that may include restricted sleep, repeated administration of caffeine is an effective strategy to maintain physical and cognitive capabilities.

Caffeine at 225mg is ideal to give you a clinically appropriate amount without making you jittery or causing other side effects.  The amount of caffeine in Grind is based on all of the latest clinical research.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.001

Boron is a mineral that is found in food and the environment. People take boron supplements as medicine. Boron is used for building strong bones, treating osteoarthritis, as an aid for building muscles and increasing testosterone levels, and for improving thinking skills and muscle coordination.

*** Tell your doctor, pharmacist, and other healthcare providers about any dietary supplements and medicines you take. They can tell you if those dietary supplements might interact or interfere with your prescription or over-the-counter medicines or if the medicines might interfere with how your body absorbs, uses, or breaks down nutrients.